Research Guide

Eliza R. Snow

Overview


Eliza Roxcy Snow, the second General President of the Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, lived a life dedicated to service. She used her many talents to improve her community, enhance her Church callings, and strengthen the testimonies of other members. This guide is designed to help facilitate research about Eliza R. Snow’s life and work and includes instructions on how to perform searches for relevant materials—with some examples of those materials—pertaining to her legacy.

Please note that some items are hyperlinked to non–Church-sponsored websites. The Church does not endorse the content of those sites.

Back to Table of Contents

Research Advice and Guidance


This section provides basic guidance for completing research and includes some suggestions on where to find additional materials about Eliza R. Snow.

Name and Spelling

Eliza is commonly referred to as Eliza R. Snow. However, she was married to both Joseph Smith Jr. and Brigham Young. She began using the surname Smith in 1880 and never used the surname Young. Records related to Eliza can be found using variations of her name, such as “Eliza Roxcy Snow” and “Eliza Roxcy Snow Smith.” Occasionally, the “c” is left out of her middle name, and sometimes the “c” is replaced with an “e,” so searching for “Eliza Roxy Snow,” “Eliza Roxey Snow,” or “Eliza Snow” may yield additional search results.

Church History Library and Other Institutions

For collections held at the Church History Library, the Church History Catalog is the best place to search for materials related to Eliza. If additional assistance is needed, simply click on the “Ask Us” link from any page in the catalog to submit a question. Church History consultants typically respond to inquiries within 48 hours.

Other libraries and archives also contain holdings related to Eliza R. Snow, such as the special collections and libraries at Brigham Young University, Utah State University, and the University of Utah. The University of Utah and Utah State University special collection holdings can be found on Archives West
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
. The Internet Archive
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
and HathiTrust Digital Library
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
contain selected digitized holdings from other universities and collections as well.

Back to Table of Contents

Personal Papers


Eliza R. Snow was a prolific writer. She kept journals, wrote letters, delivered discourses, composed poetry, authored books, and more. Much of what is known about Eliza comes from her personal writings in journals and correspondence. This section provides information on where and how to find such sources.

Journals

Eliza kept several journals. Some of the content has been transcribed and published in books such as The Personal Writings of Eliza Roxcy Snow, edited by Maureen Ursenbach Beecher. Digitized copies of some of Eliza’s original journals can be found in the Church History Catalog, such as the Eliza R. Snow journal, 1842–1882.

Correspondence

In the 19th century, written correspondence was the primary form of long-distance communication. Eliza wrote many letters, but few of her letters have been digitized. Searching the Church History Catalog for “Eliza R. Snow, correspondence” or “Eliza R. Snow, letters” will result in a list of correspondence collections and items housed at the Church History Library.

Published Works

During her lifetime, many of Eliza’s works, poetry, hymns, and the like were published, and many of them are available at the Church History Library (in both hard copy and digital format) and online. For instance, in 1880 Hymns and Songs: Selected from Various Authors for the Primary Associations of the Children of Zion was compiled by Eliza and published by Deseret News Printing and Publishing Establishment. Additionally, in 1884 the Deseret News Company published Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo Snow, One of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
, written by Eliza. Several volumes of her poetry were also published; one example is Poems, Religious, Historical, and Political, Volume II
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
.

Discourses

Eliza’s discourses have been published by the Church Historian’s Press and are available online.

Back to Table of Contents

Poetry


Eliza is arguably most well known for her poetry. She was a gifted writer. During her lifetime, she was referred to as “Zion’s Poetess” and the “Poetess of Utah.” Several of her poems were set to music and have become beloved Latter-day Saint hymns, including “O My Father,” “How Great the Wisdom and the Love,” and “In Our Lovely Deseret.” Eliza also composed poetry for children. In 1882 she published Recitations for the Primary Associations in Poetry, Dialogues, and Prose.

Most of Eliza’s poems can be found in her journals and personal papers. Many were printed in Church publications and secular periodicals. Newspaper search engines, such as Utah Digital Newspapers
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
or Chronicling America
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
, are good resources for finding Eliza’s published poetry. Using terms such as “Eliza Snow” or “Zion’s Poetess” will yield many results.

Eliza’s poetry has been analyzed by many historians. For instance, in 2009, Jill Mulvay Derr and Karen Lynn Davidson published their edited compilation Eliza R. Snow: The Complete Poetry. Maureen Ursenbach Beecher wrote the article “Inadvertent Disclosure: Autobiography in the Poetry of Eliza R. Snow
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
,” published in Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. And in a 1996 volume of BYU Studies Quarterly, Jill Mulvay Derr published the article “The Significance of ‘O My Father’ in the Personal Journey of Eliza R. Snow.”

Back to Table of Contents

Relief Society


Eliza R. Snow served as the first secretary of the Relief Society in Nauvoo. In 1866 Brigham Young requested her assistance to reorganize the program and lead the women of the Church. By 1880 the Relief Society had evolved and the program had experienced some restructuring. In that year, John Taylor called Eliza as the General President of the Relief Society. While General President, Eliza was also responsible for the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association and Primary. She filled the role of General President to the Relief Society until her death in December 1887.

Primary and Secondary Sources

Many primary sources regarding Eliza’s participation in the Relief Society can be found in the Church History Catalog. Some examples include the Relief Society minutebook, 1842 March–1844 March, the Pleasant Grove Branch Relief Society minutes and records, 1868–1901, and the Relief Society record, 1880–1892.

Some additional sources that include information about Eliza and her participation in the Relief Society are The First Fifty Years of Relief Society, At the Pulpit, Daughters in My Kingdom, and the Joseph Smith Papers Project.

Back to Table of Contents

Woman’s Exponent


The Woman’s Exponent (1872–1914) was a bimonthly newspaper created and operated by members of the Relief Society. Having the support of Eliza R. Snow gave the newspaper validity and credibility in Latter-day Saint communities. She promoted the newspaper, encouraged women to subscribe, and regularly contributed material to the periodical. Poems, speeches, and other content created by Eliza can be found within its pages.

In addition to the Church History Catalog, digital copies of the Woman’s Exponent can be found on several websites. Utah Digital Newspapers offers a word-searchable edition of the Woman’s Exponent
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
. The Digital Collections section on Brigham Young University’s library website also offers digital copies of the newspaper. The individual newspaper editions on the BYU library site are also word searchable. When doing searches in these databases, it is best to leave out initials. For example, a search for “Eliza Snow” or “Eliza Roxcy Snow” will yield better search results than “Eliza R. Snow.”

Using the Woman’s Exponent index may also be beneficial when searching for content created by Eliza. This index is comprised of two books and organized alphabetically according to periodical volume and year. For the years 1872–1874, under “Snow, Eliza R.,” researchers will find numbers such as 1:6. The first number represents the periodical volume number, and the second is the page number. Hence, 1:6 translates to volume 1, page 6.

Eliza created content that was published in other newspapers as well. Periodicals such as the Deseret News and Salt Lake Herald also featured poetry, articles, and speeches by Eliza R. Snow.

The Church History Library blog published a series of articles about the Woman’s Exponent that describes its social influence and impact from 1872 until 1914.

Back to Table of Contents

Funeral and Burial


Eliza R. Snow died on December 5, 1887, in Salt Lake City. She was 83 years old. Newspapers all over the country included articles, life sketches, and obituaries dedicated to her. News of Eliza’s passing also made its way into a few international papers. In 1888 the funeral services, along with a biographical sketch of Eliza, were printed in a pamphlet titled The Life and Labors of Eliza R. Snow Smith, with a Full Account of Her Funeral Services.

Eliza was buried in Brigham Young’s private cemetery. The Brigham Young Family Memorial Cemetery
Leaving Church Domain
You are about to leave our site. The new site has its own terms of use and privacy policy that differ from ChurchofJesusChrist.org
is located on the south side of First Avenue between State Street and A Street in Salt Lake City.

Back to Table of Contents

Additional Literature


Eliza’s talents and life experiences have inspired many researchers and authors. This section provides examples of some of the literature that has been published about Eliza.

Academic Journal Articles

Derr, Jill Mulvay. “The Lion and the Lioness: Brigham Young and Eliza R. Snow.” BYU Studies Quarterly, vol. 40, no. 2 (2001), 54–101.

Derr, Jill Mulvay. “The Significance of ‘O My Father’ in the Personal Journey of Eliza R. Snow.” BYU Studies Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 1 (1996), 84–126.

Mulvay, Jill C. “Eliza R. Snow and the Woman Question.” BYU Studies Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 2 (1976), 250–64.

Palmer, Spencer J. “Eliza R. Snow’s ‘Sketch of My Life’: Reminiscences of One of Joseph Smith’s Plural Wives.” BYU Studies Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 1 (1971), 125–30.

Reeder, Jennifer. “Eliza R. Snow and the Prophet’s Gold Watch: Time Keeper as Relic.” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 31, no. 1 (Spring 2005), 119–41.

Books and Additional Sources

Beecher, Maureen Ursenbach, ed. The Personal Writings of Eliza Roxcy Snow. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2000.

Bushman, Claudia L., ed. Mormon Sisters: Women in Early Utah. Cambridge: Emmeline Press, 1976.

Crocheron, Augusta Joyce. Representative Women of Deseret: A Book of Biographical Sketches. Salt Lake City: J. C. Graham & Co., 1884.

Davidson, Karen Lynn, and Jill Mulvay Derr. Eliza: The Life and Faith of Eliza R. Snow. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2014.

Hansen, Elizabeth. A High and Glorious Place: A New Play about Eliza R. Snow. Zion’s Art, 1996.

Back to Table of Contents